An Online Index of Sermon Resources
The weekly service at 2 Pillars Church is something that I anticipate. As a part of our congregation, I've often wished for an easy way to easily reference some of the teaching that has gone on in the various sermon series. So this is an attempt to create an easy access index to past sermon series and other resources - for the reference of myself and others.
93 Day Bible Reading Challenge
Real Hope for Bruised Reeds and Smoldering Wicks - Matthew 12:1-21 - December 29, 2024
Long View Christianity - December 26, 2021 (Part of the 2021 Advent Series on Joy)
Enjoying God - December 20, 2021
The Satisfying Shepherd - Our Refuge and Strength - March 15 2020
Advice in the Wilderness (from the Exodus Series)
_2025__________________________
Matthew
This series was taught in several groupings in 2023-2025.
The Coming King
December 3, 2023 - December 24, 2023 - Audio and Sermon Slides
Matthew 1:1 - The Coming King / Waiting
Matthew 1:23 - Trusting
Matthew 2:2 - Worshiping
Matthew 2:23 - Receiving
Hail the King
December 31, 2023 - March 24, 2024 - Audio and Sermon Slides
Matthew 3:1-2 - Hail the King / The Kingdom is at Hand
Matthew 3:13-17 - Jesus' Baptism and Yours
Matthew 4:1-11 - Jesus' Temptation and Yours
Matthew 4:12-25 - Going All In
Matthew 5:1-22 - Citizens of the Kingdom
Matthew 5:13-16 - Salt and Light
Matthew 5:17-20 - The Heart of Righteousness
Matthew 5:21-26 - Anger and Reconciliation
Matthew 5:27-30 - Sex, Lust and Mortification
Matthew 5:31-32 - Marriage and Divorce
Matthew 5:33-37 - Truth, Lies, and the Gospel
Matthew 5:38-42 - The Idol of Self vs. The Christlike Life
Matthew 5:43-48 - Enemy Love
Hail the King - April 7, 2024 - June 9 2024 - Audio and Sermon Slides
Matthew 6:1-4 - The Secret Life of Christians
Matthew 6:5-15 - The Prayer Life of Christians
Matthew 6:16-18 - The Hungry Life of Christians
Matthew 6:19-24 - Full Devotion
Matthew 6:25-34 - Uncompromised Trust
Matthew 7:1-5 - Judge, Hypocrite or Brother
Matthew 7:6-12 - Pearls, Pigs and Prayer
Matthew 7:13-14 - Which Way?
Matthew 7:15-23 - False Prophets and Professors
Matthew 7:24-28 - The Firm Foundation
Hail the King - September 8 2024 - January 5 2025 (In Progress) - Audio and Sermon Slides
Matthew 8:1-17 - The Welcome of Jesus
Matthew 8:18-27 - Fan or Follower?
Matthew 8:28-34 - Knowing and Responding to Who Jesus Is
Matthew 9:1-8 - Authority to Forgive
Matthew 9:9-13 - Actually Following Jesus
Matthew 9:14-17 - Here Comes the Groom
Matthew 9:18-34 - Power to Heal
Matthew 9:35-38 - Harvest Time
Matthew 10:1-33 - Marching Orders
Matthew 10:34-42 - Pledge of Allegiance
Matthew 11:1-19 - Doubting Your Doubts
Matthew 11:20-30 - Come to Jesus
Matthew 12:1-21 - Real Hope for Bruised Reeds and Smoldering Wicks
Matthew 12:22-37 - No Neutral Ground
_2024__________________________
Advent 2024
December 1, 2024 - Advent: A Season of Waiting (Advent in the Liturgical Year) - Ecclesiastes 3:1-8
December 8, 2024 - Waiting for the Second Coming
Decembr 15, 2024 - Waiting for Full and Final Redemption
December 22 2024 - Waiting...
December 24, 2024 - Christmas Eve
December 29, 2024 - Real Hope for Bruised Reeds and Smoldering Wicks
January 5, 2025 / January 12, 2025 (see Matthew Series)
Matthew
This series was taught in several sections in 2023-2025 with periodic breaks.
- The Coming King
- Hail the King
Easter 2024 - March 31, 2024
Acts 2:22-32 and Psalm 16 - Never Be Shaken
Psalms: The Songs of Jesus - June 16 2024 - September 1, 2024
Psalm 1
Psalm 2
Psalm 3
Psalm 4
Psalm 5
Psalm 6
Psalm 7
Psalm 8
Psalm 9
Psalm 10
Psalm 11
Psalm 12
Matthew
This series was taught in several groupings in 2023-2025.
The Coming King
December 3, 2023 - December 24, 2023 - Audio and Sermon Slides
Matthew 1:1 - The Coming King / Waiting
Matthew 1:23 - Trusting
Matthew 2:2 - Worshiping
Matthew 2:23 - Receiving
Hail the King
December 31, 2023 - March 24, 2024 - Audio and Sermon Slides
Matthew 3:1-2 - Hail the King / The Kingdom is at Hand
Matthew 3:13-17 - Jesus' Baptism and Yours
Matthew 4:1-11 - Jesus' Temptation and Yours
Matthew 4:12-25 - Going All In
Matthew 5:1-22 - Citizens of the Kingdom
Matthew 5:13-16 - Salt and Light
Matthew 5:17-20 - The Heart of Righteousness
Matthew 5:21-26 - Anger and Reconciliation
Matthew 5:27-30 - Sex, Lust and Mortification
Matthew 5:31-32 - Marriage and Divorce
Matthew 5:33-37 - Truth, Lies, and the Gospel
Matthew 5:38-42 - The Idol of Self vs. The Christlike Life
Matthew 5:43-48 - Enemy Love
Hail the King - April 7, 2024 - June 9 2024 - Audio and Sermon Slides
Matthew 6:1-4 - The Secret Life of Christians
Matthew 6:5-15 - The Prayer Life of Christians
Matthew 6:16-18 - The Hungry Life of Christians
Matthew 6:19-24 - Full Devotion
Matthew 6:25-34 - Uncompromised Trust
Matthew 7:1-5 - Judge, Hypocrite or Brother
Matthew 7:6-12 - Pearls, Pigs and Prayer
Matthew 7:13-14 - Which Way?
Matthew 7:15-23 - False Prophets and Professors
Matthew 7:24-28 - The Firm Foundation
Hail the King - September 8 2024 - November 24, 2024 (In Progress) - Audio and Sermon Slides
Matthew 8:1-17 - The Welcome of Jesus
Matthew 8:18-27 - Fan or Follower?
Matthew 8:28-34 - Knowing and Responding to Who Jesus Is
Matthew 9:1-8 - Authority to Forgive
Matthew 9:9-13 - Actually Following Jesus
Matthew 9:14-17 - Here Comes the Groom
Matthew 9:18-34 - Power to Heal
Matthew 9:35-38 - Harvest Time
Matthew 10:1-33 - Marching Orders
Matthew 10:34-42 - Pledge of Allegiance
Matthew 11:1-19 - Doubting Your Doubts
Matthew 11:20-30 - Come to Jesus
_2023__________________________
Stay Awake in 2023 Mark 13:32-37 - Video and Sermon Slide - January 2, 2023
Esther - January 8, 2023 - January 29, 2023
Esther - Week 1 Chapters 1-2 - Life in the Empire
Esther - Week 2 Chapters 3-4 - Survival in the Empire
Esther - Week 3 Chapters 5-8 - Reversal in the Empire
Esther - Week 4 Chapters - Rejoicing in the Empire
Romans - The Greatest Letter Ever Written
This series was taught in five groupings from 2021-2023. See 2021 for series.
Easter Sunday 2023 - April 9, 2023
John 20:1-8, Hebrews 7:25 - What is Jesus Doing?
Proverbs - June 4, 2023 - August 13, 2023 - Audio and Sermon Slides
Proverbs 1:1-7 - The Goal and the Key
Proverbs 1:8-19 - The Beauty of Wisdom
Proverbs 1:20-33 - Wisdom's Call
Proverbs 2:1-22 - The Shield of Wisdom
Proverbs 3:1-35 - How to Get What You Really Want
Proverbs 4:1-27 - Two Hearts
Proverbs 5:1-23 - The Freedom of Sexual Wisdom
Proverbs 6:1-19 - Who do you Want to be?
Proverbs 6:20-7:27- The Warning of Adultery
Proverbs 8:1-36 - Jesus: Wisdom from God
Proverbs 9:1-18 - Choose Wisely
Numbers
Emerging from the Wilderness - August 20, 2023 - November 26, 2023 - Audio and Sermon Slides
Numbers 1-4 - Run the Numbers
Numbers 5-8 - Purity, Blessing and Sacrifice
Numbers 9-10 - Obedience in the Wilderness
Numbers 11-12 - Complaining in the Wilderness
Numbers 13-14 - Rebellion in the Wilderness
Numbers 15 - Grace in the Wilderness
Numbers 16-18 - Approaching God in the Wilderness
Numbers 19 - Cleansing in the Wilderness
Numbers 20-21 - Trusting God in the Wilderness
Numbers 22-24 - Blessing in the Wilderness
Numbers 25 - Idolatry in the Wilderness
Numbers 26-30 - The Faithfulness of God
Numbers 31-32 - Vengeance in the Wilderness
Numbers 33-35 - Emerging from the Wilderness
Numbers 27:1-11 & 36 - Inheritance After the Wilderness
Matthew
This series was taught in several sections in 2023-2025 with periodic breaks.
- The Coming King (Advent Series 2023)
- Hail the King (see 2024)
_2022__________________________
Ekklesia - January 10, 2022 - March 20, 2022
What is the Church? - Matthew 16:13-18; Ephesians 5:25-30
Why Go to Church? - Acts 20:7-11; Hebrews 10:19-27
What Does the Church Do? - Matthew 22:34-40; 28:16-20
What Do I Do with "Church Baggage"? - Ephesians 2:8-22
What is Church Membership? - Romans 12:4-5; Hebrews 13:17; Acts 20:28
Who Leads the Church? - Philippians 1:1-2; 1 Timothy 3:1-13
What is the Role of Men and Women in the Church? - 1 Timothy 2:8-15
Why Gospel Communities? - Acts 2:42-47
Who Funds the Church? - Acts 20:32-35
What is My Role in the Church? - 1 Corinthians 12:4-26
Hope in the Day of Trouble - Psalm 77 - February 13, 2022
A meditation on grieving and lament.
Romans - The Greatest Letter Ever Written
This series was taught in five groupings from 2021-2023. See 2021 for series.
Psalms of Ascent Series - May 29, 2022 - Sept 11, 2022
Psalms of Ascent - Psalms 1-2 - An Introduction to the Psalms of Ascent
Psalm 120 - Video and Sermon Series
Psalm 121 - Video and Sermon Series
Psalm 122 - Video and Sermon Series
Psalm 123 - Video and Sermon Series
Psalm 124 - Video and Sermon Series
Psalm 125 - Video and Sermon Series
Psalm 126 - Video and Sermon Series
Psalm 127 - Video and Sermon Series
Psalm 128 - Video and Sermon Series
Psalm 129 - Video and Sermon Series
Psalm 130 - Video and Sermon Slides
Psalm 131 - Video and Sermon Slides
Psalm 133 - Video and Sermon Slides
Psalm 134 - Video and Sermon Slides
Psalm 132 - Video and Sermon Slides
Romans 8/Advent 2022 - Part of a larger series on Romans from 2021-2023. See 2021 for full series.
Advent Week 1 - Confident Security - Romans 8:31-32 - Slides
Advent Week 2 - God Is For Us - Romans 8:31-32 - Slides
Advent Week 3 - Safe and Secure - Romans 8:33-34 - Slides
Advent Week 4 - Who Shall Separate Us? - Romans 8:35-39 - Slides
Christmas Eve and Christmas Day 2022 not posted
_2021__________________________
He Establishes - Jan 3, 2021
Mark - Suffering Servant-Savior
This series was taught in several sections in 2020-2021 with periodic breaks. See 2020 for links.
Flourishing in Prayer - April 11, 2021 - May 2, 2021
The Purpose of Prayer - Luke 11:1-4 and John 15:9
The Possibility of Prayer - Luke 10:38-42, Psalm 139:23-24
The Perplexity of Prayer - Psalm 6:2-4
The Permanence of Prayer - Ephesians 6:13-18; 1 Thessalonians 5:16-18
Stewards - May 9 2021 - May 23, 2021
Everything is God's- 1 Chronicles 29:10-18; Psalm 24:1
The Gospel & Materialism - Luke 12:13-21
Your Money & the Kingdom - Matthew 6:19-21
From Generation to Generation - June 27, 2021 - (Worship on the lawn)
Psalm 78:1-8
Hearing the Minor Prophets - May 30, 2021 - August 29, 2021
Meet the Minor Prophets - Book of the Twelve
- Minor Prophets Reading Guide and Timeline
Hosea
Joel
Amos
Obadiah
Jonah
Micah
Nahum
Habakkuk
Zephaniah
Haggai
Zechariah
Malachi
Advent 2021 (Joy) - November 28, 2021 - December 26, 2021
Joy in Jesus - Phillippians 1:18-26; Supplemental - John 15:9-11
Joy in Difficult Times - 1 Thessalonians 5:16-18
Rejoice in His Name - Acts 5:40-42
Enjoying God - Psalm 16
The Weary World Rejoices - Luke 2:8-14; Romans 8:18-25; Revelation 19:1-10
Long View Christianity - December 26, 2021
Romans - The Greatest Letter Ever Written
This series was taught in five groupings from 2021-2023.
Romans (Part I) - September 5, 2021 - November 21, 2021:
Introduction - The Greatest Letter Ever Written
Romans Romans 1:1-7 - Introducing the Gospel
Romans Romans 1:8-15 - The Communion of Saints
Romans Romans 1:16-17 - Not Ashamed
Romans Romans 1:18-32 - The Bad News
Romans Romans 2:1-11 - Self-Righteousness
Romans Romans 2:12-29 - Immunity
Romans Romans 3:1-8 - Questioning the Gospel
Romans Romans 3:9-20 - Beyond Reasonable Doubt
Romans Romans 3:21-31 - Righteousness on Display
Romans Romans 4:1-12 - How Justification Works
Romans Romans 4:13-25 - Clarifying Faith
Romans 5-7 (Part II) - March 27, 2022 - May 23, 2022
Romans Romans 5:1-11 - Rejoicing in God
Romans Romans 5:12-21 - Our Adamic Reality
Romans Romans 5:12-21 - Our Christ Reality
Romans Romans 6:1-11 - Dead to Sin, Alive to God
Romans Romans 6:12-14 - Let Not Sin Reign
Romans Romans 6:15-23 - Slaves of God
Romans Romans 7:1-6 - The Gospel vs. Legalism
Romans Romans 7:7-13 - The Gospel vs. License
Romans Romans 7:14-25 - The Gospel in Us
Romans 8 (Part III) - September 18, 2022 - November 20, 2022
Romans Romans 8:1 - THEREFORE
Romans Romans 8:1-2 - No Condemnation
Romans Romans 8:3-4 - Beyond 'No Condemnation'
Romans Romans 8:5-8 - Deep Identity
Romans Romans 8:9-11 - The Life of God in the Soul of Man
Romans Romans 8:12-16 - Debtors, Mortifiers, and Children
Romans Romans 8:17-22 - Is It All Worth It?
Romans Romans 8:23-25 - Hope Gets Us Through
Romans Romans 8:26-27 - Our Help in Weakness
Romans Romans 8:28 - All Things Together for Good
Romans/Advent 2022 - From November 27- December 19, 2022
Advent Week 1 - Confident Security - Romans 8:31-32 - Slides
Advent Week 2 - God Is For Us - Romans 8:31-32 - Slides
Advent Week 3 - Safe and Secure - Romans 8:33-34 - Slides
Advent Week 4 - Who Shall Separate Us? - Romans 8:35-39 - Slides
Romans (Part IV) - February 8, 2023 - April 2, 2023
Romans Romans 9:1-5 - The Heart of the Found for the Lost
Romans Romans 9:6-29 - Children of the Promise
Romans Romans 9:6-10:21 - The Gospel & Human Responsibility
Romans Romans 11:1-10 - The Gospel & the Remnant
Romans Romans 11:11-24 - The Gospel & Pride
Romans Romans 11:25-36 - Mystery & Marveling
Romans Romans 12:1-2 - A Living Sacrifice
Romans Romans 12:3-8 - Thinking with Sober Judgement
Romans Romans 12:9-21 - Genuine Love
Easter Sunday 2023 - April 9, 2023
John 20:1-8, Hebrews 7:25 - What is Jesus Doing?
Romans (Part V) - April 16, 2023 - May 28, 2023
Romans Romans 13:1-7 - The Christian and the Government
Romans Romans 13:8-14 - Love Your Neighbor & Wake Up!
Romans Romans 14:1-23 - The Gospel & Tertiary Issues
Romans Romans 15:1-13 - Gospel Unity in the Church (Hope)
Romans Romans 15:14-33 - Gospel Mission
Romans Romans 16:1-24 - A Gospel Ensemble
Romans Romans 16:25-27 - Doxology
_2020__________________________
Vision January 12, 2020 - January 19, 2020
Missionary Disciples
Living with Gospel Faithfulness
Mark - Suffering Servant-Savior
This series was taught in several sections in 2019-2021 with periodic breaks
Easter 2020 - March 15, 2020 - April 12, 2020 - (The Gospel & Coronavirus)
(one service is missing in this series due to the switch to live streaming)
Our Refuge and Strength
The Lord is at Hand
A Season for Prayer
Gift and Giver
Good Friday 2020: The History of Disease and the Hope of a Cure - Good Friday 2020
Easter 2020: Consider Yourself Alive to God - Easter 2020
Sermon Series in Response to Black Lives Matter Demonstrations in Lincoln, NE
June 7, 2020 - June 28, 2020 - (Worship on the lawn)
Racism and the Gospel
Imago Dei and the Objectification of Everyone
Seek Justice
Learning to Lament
Mark - Suffering Servant-Savior
This series was taught in several sections in 2019-2021 with periodic breaks
Exodus
This series was taught in several sections in 2019-2020 with periodic breaks
Advent 2020 - November 30, 2020 - December 20, 2020
A People Prepared
A Royal Announcement
The Promise of Salvation, Enjoying God
God's Mercy, Our Hope
Christmas Eve: Is Everything Going to be Okay?
The Kind of Person You Want to Be in 2021 - December 30, 2020
An Improptu Sermon - Jeremiah 17
_2019__________________________
Easter 2020
Easter 2020 - The Hope of Resurrection
Mark - Suffering Servant-Savior
This series was taught in several sections in 2019-2021 with periodic breaks
Mark (Part I) - July 1, 2019 - September 1, 2019
Who is Jesus?
Following Jesus
The Authority of Jesus
The Healing and Purpose of Jesus
Jesus the Cleanser
Jesus, Son of Man
Jesus, Friend of Sinners
Jesus vs. Religion
Jesus and the People of God
The Family of Jesus
Mark (Part II) - January 26, 2020 - March 8, 2020
The Secret of the Kingdom
The Surprise of the Kingdom
The Storms of the Kingdom
When Demons Cower
Faith Made Strong
The Danger of Familiarity
Lessons in Discipleship
Mark (Part III) - April 19, 2020 - May 31, 2020
The Satisfying Shepherd
Near to the Needy
The Gospel vs. Pretending
Outside-In and Inside-Out
We Are All Beggars
Jesus is Our Life
Seeing Jesus Clearly
Mark (Part IV) - July 5, 2020 - September 13, 2020
The Costs of Following Jesus
Glorious King & Suffering Servant
Help my Unbelief
Who is the Greatest?
Ally and Enemy
Marriage, Divorce and the Kingdom of God
The Gift of Salvation
Who Can Be Saved?
On the Road with Jesus
What Do You Want Jesus to Do for You?
Shepherd the Flock
Mark (Part V) - January 10, 2021 - April 4, 2021
Mark 11:1-11 - A Different Kind of King
Mark 11:12-33- The Danger of Appearances
Mark 12:1-12 - Beloved Son, Rejected Stone
Mark 12:13-17 - Caesar vs. Jesus
Mark 12:18-27 - Word & Power
Mark 12:28-34 - Not Far from the Kingdom
Mark 12:35-40 - Mere Mortal Messiah?
Mark 12:41-44 - How to Give
Mark 13:1-37 - Stay Awake
Mark 14:1-11 - Betrayal and Devotion
Mark 14:12-31 - The Last Supper
Mark 14:32-72 - Witness
Mark 16:1-20 - He Has Risen
Exodus
This series was taught in several sections in 2019-2020 with periodic breaks
Exodus (part ?) - January 6, 2019- April 19, 2019
Redeemed for Gods Glory
Experiences Without Explanations
Understanding Salvation
Understanding Identity
Where's God
Understanding Who God Is
Calling and Objections
The Bridegroom of Blood
From Bad to Worse
Remembering Who God Is
Mere Humanity - Calling and Objections
A Sign of Things to Come
A Call to Worship
Set Apart
Judgement, Mercy & Hard Hearts
Do You Have the Blood
Exodus (part ?) - April 28 2019 - June 23, 2019
Rituals of Redemption
Developing Faith
The Path to Freedom
Singing by the Sea
Bread and Rest
Put to the Test
The Lord is Your Banner
Exodus 18 - Advice in the Wilderness
Exodus (part ?) - December 29, 2019 - January 5, 2020
The Covenant Ceremony
The Book of the Covenant
Exodus (part 2) - September 20, 2020 - November 25, 2020
The Furniture of Home (on the lawn)
Access Granted
Accepted by God
Life with God
Life for God
Impatience & Idolatry
The Problem and Solution of God's Presence
Rebels Restored
Why We Gather
The God Who Makes Himself Known
The Place of the Law
A Kingdom of Priests
First
Second
Third
Fourth
Fifth
Sixth
Seventh
Eighth
Ninth
Tenth
Advent 2019 - December 1, 2019 - December 22, 2019
And the Word - John 1:14
Became Flesh - John 1:14
And Dwelt Among Us - John 1:14
We Have Seen His Glory - John 1:14
_2018__________________________
Galatians - xxx - September 2, 2018
Saved by Grace to Live by Grace
By the Spirit - September 9, 2018 - Octobr 28, 2018
The Spirit Inside You
The Holy Spirit: Who is He?
The Holy Spirit: What Does He Do?
Empowered by the Spirit
Sustained by the Spirit
Led by the Spirit
Sent by the Spirit
Equipped by the Spirit
Hope in Darkness: Anxiety, Depression and the Gospel
Entering the Complexity
Causes and Cures
The Christian Tension on Anxiety
Truth in the Storm
Advent 2018 - December 2, 2018 - December 30, 2018
The Fulfillment of Advent
When Humanity Meets Divinity
The Glories of God in Unlikely Places
Fulfillment and the Faithful Redeemer
Fulfillment That Points Forward
Holiness Revealed and Pursued
_2017__________________________
The Body and the Blood - Communion Series - April 23 - June 5, 2017
Advent 2017 - Interrupting the Silence
Hebrews - The Supremacy and Sympathy of Christ January 8 - November 26, 2017
Fix Your Eyes - Hebrews 1:1-3
Better Than Angels - Hebrews 1:4-14
Drifters - Hebrews 2:1-4
Brother Jesus - Hebrews 2:5-18
Consider Jesus - Hebrews 3:1-6
Finishing Well - Hebrews 3:7-19
Striving to Enter God's Rest - Hebrews 4:1-13
Our Great High Priest - Hebrews 4:14-16
More Than a King - Hebrews 5:1-10
Emerging From Spiritual Infancy - Hebrews 5:11-6:3
Emerging From Spiritual Infancy, Part 2 - Hebrews 5:11-6:3
Anchor of My Soul - Hebrews 6:13-20
The Melchizedekian Argument - Hebrews 7:1-10
Drawing Near to God - Hebrews 7:11-19
The New and Better Covenant - Hebrews 8:1-13
A Purified Conscience - Hebrews 9:1-14
Gospel Urgency - Hebrews 9:1-14
Accomplished & Applied - Hebrews 10:1-18
How Then Shall We Live? - Hebrews 10:19-25
In the Hands of the Living God - Hebrews 10:26-31
Confidence Assurance - Hebrews 10:32-39
Faith Defined - Hebrews 11:1-3
What's Your Ark? - Hebrews 11:4-7
Some Characteristics of Faith - Hebrews 11:8-12
A Life Regulated by Promises - Hebrews 11:13-16
Commended by God - Hebrews 11:17-40
Victory Over Spiritual Weariness - Hebrews 12:3-4
The Discipline of Trials - Hebrews 12:5-17
Kingdom UnShakeable - Hebrews 12:18-29
Fear & Love in the Body - Hebrews 13:1-6
The Praise of Our Lips & Good of Our Hands - Hebrews 13:8-16
Obeying & Praying - Hebrews 13:17-19
New Beginnings - Re:Focus
_Misc__________________________
Advent 2016 - November 27 - December 24, 2016
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Last Updated 1/9/2025